Conversely, for the products covered by safety standards the creepage and clearance requirements of a respective UL/IEC standard are mandatory. Note that all IPC standards are voluntarily rather than mandatory. At other voltages the limits are as following: 0.13mm for V<15V, 0.25mm for 15V≤V<30V and 0.1+Vpeak×0.01 for 30V≤V<100V. The updated IPC-9592B document left the above equation only for V≥100V. ![]() However, these requirements were also too conservative and at low voltages were not even practically doable. In general, a linear relationship makes more sense. For power conversion circuits IPC-9592 initial draft provided the following linear circuit board spacing recommendations: SPACING (mm) = 0.6 + Vpeak x. Of course, it is not the only standard that defines the electrical clearance. However, when it comes to distances between the PC traces, in my view, the IPC-2221 table 6-1 stepwise limits are mostly baseless: the curve for spacing vs. IPC-2221 is generally accepted in electronic industry as a generic PCB design standard.
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